Abstract: To understand and analyze the drug resistance situation of first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Yili Prefecture) in order to provide the basis for formulating reasonable treatment plans. The authors had cultured samples from 355 cases of sputum smear-positive patients admitted to the four counties (cities) in Yili Prefecture with acid-modified Roche culture method. PNB and TCH were used as identification medium to carry out the preliminary identification of mycobacteria. The positive strains were screened with 11 commonly used first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs for drug susceptibility testing. It showed that the total resistance rate to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 35.77% (127/355), the total resistance rate to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 7.89% (28/355); the resistance rate among newly diagnosed patients was 26.50% (75/283), the rate of resistance among the repeatedly treated patients was 72.22% (52/72). Resistance situation in Yili Prefecture is relatively serious, which deserves great attention.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Microbial sensitivity tests, Outcome assessment (health care), Small-area analysis